Optimal operation of a smart railway station based on a multi‐energy hub structure considering environmental perspective and regenerative braking utilization

This paper presents a stochastic bi-objective model to reduce the operation cost and carbon emission of smart railway station along with dependent commercial buildings, according multi-energy hub system's structure. The proposed energy system (EHS) includes power, heating, cooling subenergy hub. recovered obtained from regenerative braking (RB) during train deceleration is utilized supply load EHS. To calculate energy, motion trains simulated in MATLAB software. Furthermore, demand response program (DRP) integrated into improve flexibility Also, uncertainty related photovoltaic generation power RB considered. GAMS software used solve ɛ-constraint approach. Then, select best possible solution, fuzzy technique engaged. Seven case studies are considered investigating effect exerting DRP, utilizing employing storage on emission. simulation results demonstrate significant improvement operating for